luftës

Luftës is the Albanian grammatical form of luftë, which means war or armed conflict. Luftë is a feminine noun; the definite form is lufta, meaning “the war,” while luftës is used to express possession or relation in phrases that follow prepositions, such as luftës së pavarësisë, meaning “the war of independence.” The form luftës thus appears in legal, historical, and literary contexts to link the idea of war to a related noun.

In general usage, luftë denotes a variety of armed conflicts, from wars between states to internal conflicts. The word forms a productive core for many compounds and expressions in Albanian, including luftë civile (civil war) and phrases describing different types of conflict. Its derivatives include luftëtar (fighter or warrior) and terms for different phases or aspects of combat, such as luftim (fighting).

Historically and culturally, the concept of luftë has been central in Albanian discourse. References to wars and military struggle appear in historiography, political rhetoric, and literature, reflecting Albania’s experience with invasions, uprisings, and national liberation movements. The term also appears in discussions of regional conflicts and in the broader Balkan and European contexts, where Albania and Albanian-speaking communities participated in or were affected by various armed conflicts.

Overall, luftës functions mainly as a case-inflected form of the noun used in possessive or prepositional constructions, while the base term luftë remains the common reference to war or armed conflict in Albanian.