luftvägsclearancetekniker

Airway clearance, known in Swedish as luftvägsclearance, is a set of techniques to loosen and remove mucus from the airways to improve ventilation and reduce infection risk. It is indicated when respiratory secretions are difficult to expectorate due to illness, injury, or neuromuscular impairment.

Techniques include chest physiotherapy with postural drainage, manual percussion, and vibration; active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT), which combines breathing control, a forced expiration (huff), and breathing exercises; and devices such as positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy and oscillating devices (for example, flutter or Acapella) that help mobilize secretions. Autogenic drainage uses controlled breathing at different lung volumes to mobilize mucus without coughing. Some programs also employ high-frequency chest wall oscillation to provide rapid chest compressions.

Airway clearance is commonly used in cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with mucus production, and neuromuscular disorders that impair coughing. It is usually taught by respiratory therapists or physiotherapists and can be performed by patients or caregivers after training. The approach is individualized, taking into account the patient’s age, comfort, and underlying condition.

Safety considerations include avoiding clearance maneuvers after certain procedures or when there are acute injuries such as rib fractures, untreated pneumothorax, or significant hemoptysis. Techniques should be performed with appropriate supervision or instruction, and monitoring of oxygenation and tolerance is recommended, with adjustments made as needed to prevent fatigue or discomfort.