luftfiltration

Luftfiltration, or air filtration, refers to the process of removing particulate matter, gases, and other contaminants from air as it passes through a filtration medium or system. It is used to improve indoor air quality, protect occupants and equipment, and maintain process purity in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and cleanrooms.

Filtration relies on media and mechanisms including mechanical filtration (fibrous or pleated filters capturing particles by interception, impaction, and diffusion), activated carbon adsorption for volatile compounds, and electrostatic precipitators or ionizers that attract charged particles. Prefilters remove large particles before the main filters to extend life and reduce pressure drop.

Performance is described by filtration efficiency, often expressed as a percentage for a given particle size, and by standards such as MERV, HEPA/ULPA ratings, or ISO classifications. Real-world systems are also characterized by pressure drop and air changes per hour (ACH). Higher efficiency generally increases energy use and resistance.

Common applications include heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in offices and homes; cleanrooms in semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and biotech facilities; medical and laboratory environments; and industrial process air that requires contaminant control.

Standards and testing bodies, such as ISO, EN 1822, and ASHRAE, provide methods to classify and certify filters. Maintenance involves regular inspection, replacement according to manufacturer recommendations, and monitoring of pressure drop to ensure performance. Environmental considerations include filter waste and energy impacts.