lovgivning

Lovgivning refers to the process by which laws are created, amended, and repealed within a country or jurisdiction. It encompasses the drafting of legal texts, evaluation of impacts, and the formal adoption and entry into force of laws. The central actors are typically the legislature, which proposes and approves laws, the government or executive, which may draft proposals and issue implementing regulations, and the judiciary, which interprets laws and reviews their constitutionality.

Stages of lovgivning usually include: proposal or drafting; committee examination for legal and practical implications; readings and votes in the parliament; final approval; assent or royal or presidential signature; promulgation and publication in an official gazette; and the law taking effect on a set date. In some systems, additional steps such as referendums or supreme court review may occur.

Types of laws include primary legislation (acts) and delegated or secondary legislation (regulations, orders) created under authority granted by an act. Subnational bodies may issue by-laws under delegated power.

Public participation and impact assessments are common features, with committees soliciting expert input, stakeholder comments, and cost–benefit analyses to inform decisions.

Constitutional framework and judicial review constrain lovgivning. Laws must comply with constitutional provisions; courts can interpret, amend, or strike down legislation that exceeds powers or violates rights.

International and supranational obligations may influence the process, including human rights standards and, in some regions, alignment with EU law or federal arrangements.