loodzuur

Loodzuur is the Dutch term for lead-acid, referring to the aqueous sulfuric acid solution used as the electrolyte in most lead-acid batteries. It is not a pure chemical compound but a mixture of water and sulfuric acid whose concentration and properties depend on the battery's state of charge.

In a lead-acid cell, the negative electrode is lead, the positive electrode is lead dioxide. During discharge, lead and lead dioxide react with the sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate, releasing energy; the overall reaction can be written as Pb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 -> 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O. During charging, the process is reversed. The electrolyte conducts ions and its density varies with charge level, affecting performance and capacity.

Loodzuur is widely used in automotive starting-lighting-ignition batteries, backup power systems, and energy storage. The electrolyte's properties determine battery voltage and capacity.

Safety and handling: the solution is highly corrosive; contact with skin, eyes or metals can cause damage; hydrogen gas is produced during charging and can form explosive mixtures in confined spaces. Proper ventilation, eye protection, and acid-resistant containers and PPE are required; avoid metal corrosion.

Environmental and recycling: spent lead-acid batteries are commonly recycled; the lead and sulfuric acid are recovered; improper disposal can lead to soil and water contamination. Storage and transport follow strict regulations.