lithovore

Lithovore is a term used to describe organisms that consume rock or minerals for sustenance. While not a formally recognized taxonomic group, the concept has been explored in various scientific contexts, particularly in astrobiology and theoretical biology. The idea of a lithovore suggests that life could exist in environments previously considered inhospitable, utilizing inorganic geological materials as a primary food source.

The scientific basis for lithovory stems from extremophile organisms on Earth that can metabolize minerals. For example, certain bacteria and archaea are known to obtain energy from the oxidation or reduction of inorganic compounds present in rocks, a process called chemosynthesis. These microbes can break down minerals, releasing energy and nutrients that they then use for their life processes. This type of life is often found in deep subsurface environments, hydrothermal vents, or areas with high mineral concentrations.

In the realm of astrobiology, the concept of lithovores is significant for the search for extraterrestrial life. Planets and moons with geological activity, even those lacking sunlight or organic compounds, could potentially harbor life if lithovoric organisms are possible. Such life forms would be independent of photosynthesis and could thrive deep within planetary crusts, shielded from harsh surface conditions and radiation. The study of lithovores, both hypothetical and observed on Earth, expands our understanding of the diversity of life and the potential habitats for life beyond our planet.