lisäkilpirauhasen

Lisäkilpirauhanen is the Finnish term for parathyroid gland. These are small endocrine glands typically located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, two on each side, though variations in number and location can occur. Their primary function is to regulate calcium levels in the bloodstream.

The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. When blood calcium levels drop too low, PTH is released. It acts on several target organs, including bones, kidneys, and the intestines. In bones, PTH stimulates the release of calcium into the blood by promoting osteoclast activity. In the kidneys, it increases calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate reabsorption. PTH also indirectly promotes calcium absorption from the intestines by stimulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D.

Disruptions in parathyroid gland function can lead to various health conditions. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the glands produce too much PTH, leading to elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). This can cause symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, kidney stones, and cognitive difficulties. Hypoparathyroidism, on the other hand, results from insufficient PTH production, causing low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). Symptoms of hypocalcemia can include muscle cramps, spasms, tingling sensations, and in severe cases, seizures. Diagnosis and management of parathyroid disorders are typically handled by endocrinologists.