Lisäkilpirauhanen

Lisäkilpirauhanen, also known as the parathyroid gland, refers to a group of small endocrine glands located in the neck, usually situated behind the thyroid gland. Typically, there are four parathyroid glands, two on each side, though variations in number and location can occur. These glands are crucial for regulating calcium levels in the bloodstream and in the body.

The primary hormone produced by the parathyroid glands is parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a vital role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. When blood calcium levels drop too low, the parathyroid glands release PTH. This hormone acts on various organs, including the bones, kidneys, and intestines, to increase calcium levels. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from bones, promotes calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and enhances the absorption of calcium from food in the intestines.

Disruptions in parathyroid gland function can lead to significant health issues. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the glands produce too much PTH, leading to elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). This can cause symptoms such as bone pain, kidney stones, fatigue, and cognitive problems. Conversely, hypoparathyroidism is a condition where the glands produce insufficient PTH, resulting in low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). Hypocalcemia can manifest as muscle cramps, spasms, tingling sensations, and in severe cases, seizures. Diagnosis and management of parathyroid disorders typically involve blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels, as well as imaging techniques.