lipázu

Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. In a physiological setting, lipases help digest lipids in the diet by breaking them down into fatty acids and glycerol. This process is essential for the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the body. Lipases are found in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms.

In humans, pancreatic lipase is the primary enzyme responsible for fat digestion in the small intestine. It is secreted by the pancreas and works in conjunction with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzymatic action. Other lipases in the body include lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and lipoprotein lipase, each with specific roles in fat metabolism.

Lipases also have significant industrial applications. They are used in the food industry for modifying fats and oils, improving dough texture in baking, and enhancing flavor in dairy products. In the detergent industry, lipases help break down greasy stains on fabrics. They are also employed in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of specific compounds and in the biofuel sector for the conversion of vegetable oils into biodiesel. The study of lipases is an active area of research, exploring their diverse functions and potential applications.