lipolýza

Lipolysis is a metabolic process that involves the breakdown of lipids, or fats. Specifically, it refers to the catabolism of triglycerides, the main form of stored fat in the body, into their constituent components: glycerol and free fatty acids. This process is crucial for energy production, as the released fatty acids can be transported to various tissues and oxidized for ATP generation. Hormonal signals, such as adrenaline and glucagon, typically stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue. These hormones activate enzymes like hormone-sensitive lipase, which hydrolyzes the ester bonds in triglycerides. Conversely, insulin generally inhibits lipolysis. Factors like diet, exercise, and hormonal status can influence the rate of lipolysis. The glycerol produced during lipolysis can be converted to glucose in the liver through gluconeogenesis, while the free fatty acids are primarily used as an energy source by muscles and other organs. Understanding lipolysis is important in fields ranging from metabolism and nutrition to weight management and the treatment of metabolic disorders.