lipidsare

Lipidsare is a term used to discuss the broad class of lipids, a diverse set of biomolecules essential to nearly all organisms. Lipids are characterized by their hydrophobic or amphipathic nature and include fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and related compounds. In biology, lipids perform structural, energetic, and signaling roles that complement carbohydrates and proteins.

Lipidsare are commonly grouped into simple lipids (fatty acids and their esters, waxes), compound lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids), and derived lipids (steroids such as cholesterol, terpenoids). Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated, influencing fluidity of membranes and energy content. Triglycerides store energy and provide insulation and cushioning. Phospholipids and glycolipids are major components of cell membranes, with amphipathic properties that drive bilayer formation. Sterols, including cholesterol, regulate membrane properties and serve as precursors to hormones and bile acids. Waxes provide waterproofing and protection in plants and animals.

Metabolism and transport: Lipids are synthesized in tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, using acetyl-CoA and NADPH. They can be hydrolyzed to fatty acids for energy in a process called lipolysis and oxidized in beta-oxidation. Lipids are transported in blood as lipoproteins and taken up by cells via specific receptors and transport proteins.

Diet and health: Essential fatty acids must be obtained from the diet. Dietary fats influence energy balance, membrane composition, and signaling pathways; imbalances are linked to metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.

See also lipidomics, lipoprotein, fatty acid.