leukémia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out normal blood cells. These abnormal cells, called leukemia cells, do not function properly and can impair the body's ability to fight infection. Leukemia can be broadly categorized into acute and chronic forms, and further classified by the type of white blood cell affected, such as lymphoid or myeloid.

Acute leukemias develop quickly and require immediate treatment. Chronic leukemias progress more slowly and may not cause symptoms for years. Symptoms of leukemia can include fatigue, frequent infections, bruising or bleeding easily, and fever. The exact causes of leukemia are not fully understood, but risk factors include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and genetic predispositions.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and other imaging techniques. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of leukemia and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Prognosis depends on many factors, including the specific type of leukemia, the patient's age, and their overall health. Research continues to advance understanding and treatment of this complex disease.