leukotrieni

Leukotrienes are a group of lipid molecules that are involved in inflammation and allergic reactions. They are derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid found in cell membranes. Leukotrienes are produced by various cells, including mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, in response to certain stimuli.

The primary function of leukotrienes is to mediate inflammatory processes. They can cause smooth muscle contraction, particularly in the airways, leading to bronchoconstriction, a hallmark of asthma. Leukotrienes also increase vascular permeability, allowing fluid and inflammatory cells to accumulate at sites of inflammation. Additionally, they promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells, such as eosinophils, which contribute to tissue damage in chronic inflammatory conditions.

There are several types of leukotrienes, designated by letters and numbers, such as LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. These different types have distinct but often overlapping roles in the inflammatory cascade. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells.

The role of leukotrienes in disease is significant. They are key players in the pathogenesis of asthma, where their overproduction leads to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. They are also implicated in other allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, as well as inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Pharmacological agents that block the synthesis or action of leukotrienes, known as leukotriene modifiers or antagonists, are used to treat these conditions. These medications work by inhibiting the enzymes involved in leukotriene production or by preventing leukotrienes from binding to their receptors, thereby reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms.