leukocita

Leukocita, also known as white blood cells or leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood and lymph fluid. Their primary function is to defend the body against infection and disease. There are several types of leukocita, each with specialized roles.

Neutrophils are the most abundant type and are the first responders to bacterial and fungal infections. They engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes are responsible for the adaptive immune response, which involves recognizing and remembering specific pathogens. This group includes B cells, which produce antibodies, and T cells, which directly kill infected cells or regulate the immune response. Monocytes are larger cells that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which also play a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic infections and are also implicated in allergic reactions. Basophils, the least common type, release histamine and other mediators that contribute to inflammation and allergic responses.

An abnormal number of leukocita, either too high or too low, can indicate an underlying medical condition. A high white blood cell count, known as leukocytosis, can be a sign of infection, inflammation, or certain types of cancer. A low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, can result from viral infections, autoimmune diseases, or treatments like chemotherapy. Monitoring leukocita counts is a common diagnostic tool in clinical medicine.