leukémii

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia cells. These abnormal cells do not function properly and crowd out normal blood cells, leading to various health problems.

There are several types of leukemia, broadly categorized by how quickly they progress (acute or chronic) and the type of white blood cell affected (lymphocytic or myeloid). Acute leukemias develop rapidly and require immediate treatment, while chronic leukemias progress more slowly and may not show symptoms for years. Lymphocytic leukemia affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system, while myeloid leukemia affects myeloid cells, which normally develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Symptoms of leukemia can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common signs include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment for leukemia depends on the specific type, the patient's age, and overall health. Options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for leukemia varies greatly, with some types being highly curable, especially when diagnosed and treated early.