leucophaeus

Leucophaeus is a genus of gulls in the family Laridae, comprising several New World species found from North America through much of South America. The genus was separated from Larus in late 20th-century taxonomic revisions based on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics. Notable members include the Laughing Gull (Leucophaeus atricilla) and Franklin’s Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan); other species such as the Gray Gull (Leucophaeus modestus) and Ridgway’s Gull (Leucophaeus ridgwayi) are commonly treated as part of the group in field guides and checklists.

Description and identification trends vary across the group, but Leucophaeus gulls are generally medium-sized with varied plumage patterns that can include pale gray, white, and darker mantles. They are omnivorous, feeding on fish, invertebrates, carrion, and discarded human food, and often exploit coastal, estuarine, and inland wetland habitats along with landfills and urban areas.

Distribution and habitat for Leucophaeus species centers on the Americas, with many species breeding on remote islands, beaches, or inland wetlands and wintering along coasts or at lower latitudes. Breeding typically involves ground nests, simple scrapes or platforms, and colonial layouts on accessible sites.

Conservation status among species is uneven; some are widespread and stable, while others have restricted ranges or face habitat pressures that threaten populations. Taxonomic rearrangements continue to affect species limits and distribution assessments within the genus.