lennuliikluses

Lennuliikluses refers to the system and process for managing the movement of aircraft through the world’s airspace to ensure safety, efficiency, and orderly flow. It covers the interaction between pilots, air traffic controllers, and supporting infrastructure, including flight planning, weather information, and aeronautical information. The system seeks to maintain safe separation between aircraft, optimize routes, and coordinate arrival and departure sequences.

Air traffic management is organized into various centers and control positions. En route control handles traffic between flight levels, typically managed by area control centres; terminal control includes approach and departure control around airports; local towers manage ground movement and takeoffs and landings. Airspace is divided into flight information regions and sectors, with coordination across regional and international boundaries via common procedures and communication protocols.

Key technologies include CNS systems: radar and transponder surveillance (Mode S), ADS-B for situational awareness, radio telephony for communication, satellite navigation, and automated flight data processing. Pilots file flight plans, receive weather and NOTAMs, and must obtain ATC clearances and comply with procedures. Air traffic flow management and priority rules balance demand with capacity to reduce delays.

Regulation and oversight come from international bodies such as ICAO, with regional implementation in Europe by Eurocontrol and the SES initiative; in member states, national aviation authorities supervise safety and compliance. In practice, lennuliikluses aims to maximize safety and efficiency while minimizing environmental impact and delays. In Estonia, European airspace management and cooperation with Eurocontrol shape national air traffic operations.