leiðangrar

A leiðangr was a type of Scandinavian military levy or expedition, primarily associated with the Viking Age and the subsequent medieval period in Norway and Iceland. The term itself derives from Old Norse "leiðangr," which means "journey" or "expedition." These were essentially conscripted military forces, often naval in nature, organized by local districts or communities.

The purpose of a leiðangr varied. It could be used for defensive measures against raids or invasions, or for offensive expeditions, such as raiding or warfare abroad. In Norway, the leiðangr system was a crucial part of the kingdom's military organization, allowing the king to mobilize a significant fleet and fighting force. The responsibility for providing ships, crews, and provisions was distributed among coastal communities.

In Iceland, which was settled by Norwegians, a similar system existed, though its scale and frequency differed due to Iceland's island status and lack of a standing army or king in the early period. Icelandic leiðangrar were often called upon to defend the island or to participate in inter-clan conflicts. The organization of a leiðangr involved local chieftains or assemblies determining the number of ships and men required from each region. Failure to participate in a leiðangr could result in fines or other penalties. This system gradually evolved with the changing political and military landscape of Scandinavia.