legno

Legno is the Italian word for wood, the organized, fibrous material that forms most of the trunks and branches of trees. In material terms, wood is a natural composite composed mainly of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin, with varying amounts of extractives that influence color, odor, and decay resistance. Wood properties vary widely by species, growth conditions, and processing. Broadly, woods are classified as hardwoods, derived from deciduous species, and softwoods, derived from conifers. Hardness, density, grain pattern, workability, and durability influence their suitability for different applications.

Wood is typically harvested by felling trees, then sawn into boards, panels, or timbers. Before use, it is dried to reduce moisture content, either by air drying or kiln drying, which improves dimensional stability and strength. Treatments with preservatives or finishes may extend outdoor durability or alter appearance.

Common uses include construction framing, flooring, furniture, cabinetry, and paper production. Wood can also be used for musical instruments, art, and energy in the form of firewood or pellets.

Sustainability concerns have led to forest management practices and certification schemes intended to ensure renewal and reduce environmental impact. The ecological footprint of wood depends on forest management, processing energy, transportation, and end-of-life disposal. Legno remains a central material in traditional crafts and modern industry due to its combination of strength, workability, and renewability.