lecologia

Lecologia is not a widely recognized term in standard scientific usage. In many languages the field is called ecology (ecología in Spanish, écologie in French, ecologia in Italian and Portuguese). When encountered, lecologia may refer to the same study of the interactions between organisms and their environment, including the distribution and abundance of species, energy flow, and matter cycling.

Ecology is a multidisciplinary science that examines relationships among living organisms and their biotic and abiotic surroundings. It operates at multiple levels, from individuals and populations to communities, ecosystems, landscapes, and the biosphere. Core concepts include niche, habitat, food webs, trophic dynamics, succession, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and resilience. It also considers human impacts such as habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and invasive species.

Researchers use field observations, experiments, and modeling, supported by tools like geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and statistical analysis to understand patterns and processes. Subdisciplines include population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, evolutionary ecology, behavioral ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, and urban ecology. Applications span conservation planning, wildlife management, sustainable agriculture, restoration of degraded ecosystems, and policy guidance for climate adaptation and natural-resource management.

Historically, ecology emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with naturalists and scientists such as Ernst Haeckel, who coined the term ecology, and later figures like Charles Elton and Eugene Odum, who helped shape ecosystem thinking. The term lecologia may appear in non-standard usage or regional spellings, but for precise scientific writing ecology is the established term. Related topics include biodiversity, ecosystem services, and environmental science.