langiotensine

Langiotensine is not a standard term in contemporary physiology or pharmacology; in many sources it is viewed as a misspelling or regional variant of angiotensin. Angiotensin refers to a family of peptide hormones central to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.

The renin–angiotensin system begins with angiotensinogen, a precursor produced by the liver. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is then converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) into angiotensin II, the principal active peptide. Angiotensin II acts on AT1 and AT2 receptors to promote vasoconstriction, stimulate aldosterone secretion, increase sodium and water reabsorption, and trigger thirst, thereby elevating blood pressure.

There are multiple angiotensin peptides produced by further proteolysis (I–VI), each with distinct biological activities, but angiotensin II is the most studied and clinically relevant. The system can be modulated pharmacologically by ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors, which are widely used to treat hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Side effects of ACE inhibitors can include cough and, with some therapies, hyperkalemia.

Etymology reflects its vascular roots: the prefix refers to vessels, and the term angiotensin is standard in English and most languages. In practice, langiotensine is uncommon and generally regarded as a variant spelling or transliteration rather than a distinct biochemical term.