lampshade

A lampshade is a decorative covering placed around or over a light source to diffuse or direct light, reduce glare, and conceal the bulb. It is typically mounted on a lamp or ceiling fixture and can influence the color and softness of illumination.

Lampshades are built around a frame and usually made of fabric, paper, glass, metal, ceramic, wicker, or plastic. The fabric or translucent materials provide diffusion, while rigid frames keep shape. The interior usually has a lining to improve diffusion and prevent scorching of the outer material.

Common shapes include drum, empire, bell, cone, and square. Fittings vary: spider shades with a fitter across the top, lip or fitter mount for different lamp bases, clip-on shades for small bulbs. Some shades are designed to sit on a socket ring or atop a harp and shade holder.

Light quality is affected by shade color, opacity, and texture; lighter shades diffuse more light; darker shades create mood and reduce brightness. Shades must be matched to bulb wattage and heat tolerance; fabric shades should use bulbs within the shade's rating to avoid scorching.

Historically, lampshades have evolved from simple coverings around oil lamps to mass-produced fabric and glass shades in the late 19th and 20th centuries. They remain popular for styling and energy efficiency, enabling light to be directed and softened. Regular cleaning reduces dust and maintains appearance.