laktáztermelés

Laktáztermelés refers to the biological process by which the enzyme lactase is produced within an organism. Lactase, also known as lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, is primarily synthesized in the cells lining the small intestine. Its main function is to break down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products, into its simpler components, glucose and galactose. These simpler sugars can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized for energy.

The production of lactase is genetically determined and typically occurs at high levels from birth, particularly in mammals that are dependent on milk for nutrition. In many human populations, lactase production naturally declines after infancy and early childhood, a phenomenon known as lactase non-persistence. This decline is a normal evolutionary adaptation, as adults in many cultures historically consumed fewer dairy products. However, in some populations, particularly those with a long history of dairy farming, a genetic mutation allows for continued lactase production throughout adulthood, a trait known as lactase persistence.

Individuals with insufficient lactase production may experience lactose intolerance. This condition arises when undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria, leading to symptoms such as bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The level of lactase production can vary significantly among individuals, influencing the severity of lactose intolerance.