laktáza

Laktáza is an enzyme produced in the small intestine of most mammals, including humans. Its primary function is to break down lactose, a sugar commonly found in milk and dairy products. Lactose is a disaccharide, meaning it consists of two simpler sugar units, glucose and galactose. The enzyme lactase hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between these two units, separating them into their individual monosaccharide forms. These simpler sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

The production of lactase typically begins shortly after birth and is essential for infants to digest their mother's milk. In many human populations, lactase production decreases significantly after weaning, a phenomenon known as lactase non-persistence. This genetic trait leads to lactose intolerance, where individuals experience digestive discomfort, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, after consuming lactose-containing foods. The severity of symptoms depends on the individual's remaining lactase activity.

Conversely, some populations, particularly those with a history of dairy farming, have evolved lactase persistence. This allows them to continue producing sufficient lactase into adulthood, enabling them to digest lactose throughout their lives. For individuals with lactose intolerance, lactase supplements are available. These supplements contain the lactase enzyme and can be taken before consuming dairy products to aid in lactose digestion. The presence and activity of lactase are crucial for nutrient absorption and overall digestive health for those who can produce it.