laktozë

Laktozë, also known as lactose, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. It is the primary carbohydrate found in milk and is responsible for its sweet taste. Lactose is produced by the mammary glands of mammals, including humans, to provide energy and nutrients to their offspring. In humans, lactose is broken down in the small intestine by the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells lining the intestine. The breakdown of lactose results in the release of glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Lactose intolerance is a common condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency of lactase. This can lead to symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy products. Lactose intolerance is more common in adults than in infants, as the body typically produces lactase throughout infancy and early childhood, but production decreases as a person ages.

Lactose is also used in various food products, including dairy alternatives, yogurts, and ice creams. It is often added to these products to enhance their sweetness and texture. In some cultures, lactose is fermented to produce yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products. Lactose is also used in the production of certain medications and supplements, as it can be broken down into glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

In summary, lactose is a disaccharide found in milk that provides energy and nutrients to mammals. It is broken down by the enzyme lactase in the small intestine, and its digestion can lead to symptoms of lactose intolerance in some individuals. Lactose is used in various food products and has other applications in medicine and industry.