laktotropen

Laktotropen is a term used in endocrinology to refer to cells within the anterior pituitary gland that are responsible for the production and secretion of prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in lactation, stimulating the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth. These specialized cells, also known as lactotrophs, are the most abundant cell type in the anterior pituitary, typically comprising 20-30% of its total cell population.

The activity of laktotropen is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that controls many endocrine functions. Dopamine, released from the hypothalamus, acts as an inhibitory signal to laktotropen, suppressing prolactin secretion. Conversely, other hypothalamic hormones, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), can stimulate prolactin release, although their primary roles are elsewhere.

Factors influencing prolactin secretion from laktotropen include pregnancy, breastfeeding, stress, and certain medications. During pregnancy, prolactin levels rise significantly in preparation for milk production. Suckling by an infant powerfully stimulates prolactin release, ensuring a continuous supply of milk. Disruptions in the function of laktotropen can lead to hyperprolactinemia (excessive prolactin) or hypoprolactinemia (insufficient prolactin), both of which can have various health consequences, including fertility issues and reproductive problems.