laktaation

Laktation is the process by which a mammal produces milk. This physiological function is crucial for the nourishment and survival of offspring. The production of milk, known as lactation, is hormonally regulated and typically begins shortly after childbirth.

The primary hormone responsible for initiating and maintaining lactation is prolactin, secreted by the pituitary gland. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. Oxytocin plays a vital role in the milk ejection reflex, often referred to as the "let-down reflex." When an infant suckles, oxytocin is released, causing the muscles surrounding the milk-producing cells to contract, releasing milk.

Lactation is a complex process involving the development and function of specialized structures within the mammary glands. These glands contain alveoli, which are small sacs where milk is synthesized. Surrounding these alveoli are myoepithelial cells that contract under the influence of oxytocin, expelling milk into the ducts.

The composition of milk varies among species but generally includes water, carbohydrates (such as lactose), proteins (like casein and whey), fats, vitamins, and minerals. These nutrients provide essential energy and building blocks for the growing offspring. The duration and intensity of lactation are influenced by factors such as the species, the number of offspring, and the nutritional status of the mother.