laienemisjõududest

Lainemisjõududest refers to the forces that cause tides. These forces are primarily gravitational, with the Moon playing the most significant role and the Sun contributing to a lesser extent. The gravitational pull of these celestial bodies creates bulges of water on opposite sides of the Earth.

The gravitational force from the Moon is strongest on the side of the Earth closest to it, pulling the water towards the Moon and creating a tidal bulge. On the opposite side of the Earth, the gravitational pull is weaker, but the Earth's inertia, which tends to keep it moving in a straight line, causes the water to lag behind, forming another bulge. The Sun's gravity also exerts a similar influence, though its effect is about half as strong as the Moon's due to its greater distance.

The interplay between the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun, along with the Earth's rotation, results in the regular rise and fall of sea levels known as tides. When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (during new and full moons), their combined gravitational forces create higher high tides and lower low tides, known as spring tides. When the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other relative to the Earth (during the first and third quarter moons), their gravitational forces partially cancel each other out, resulting in less extreme tides called neap tides. Other factors, such as the shape of coastlines and ocean basins, can also influence the magnitude and timing of local tides.