lacerated

Lacerated is an adjective describing tissue that has been torn or jagged, typically referring to skin or soft tissue injuries. A laceration refers to the wound itself and is characterized by irregular, ragged margins and possible tissue loss. Lacerations are usually the result of blunt trauma or crushing injuries and may involve underlying fat, muscle, or connective tissue. They can occur anywhere on the body, often in areas prone to friction or impact, such as the hands, scalp, and legs. Bleeding is common, and contamination with dirt or foreign material increases infection risk. The term derives from Latin lacerare, meaning to tear or mangle.

Assessment and presentation: A clinical examination evaluates depth, tissue viability, and involvement of deeper structures such as tendons or nerves. Functional changes, sensory or motor deficits, and the presence of foreign bodies may require imaging (plain X-ray or ultrasound) if suspected. Wound cleanliness and tetanus status are also considered.

Management: Initial care focuses on controlling bleeding, thorough irrigation, and debridement of nonviable tissue. The decision to close the wound depends on contamination, tissue loss, and infection risk; some lacerations may be closed primarily, while others require delayed closure or surgical repair. Antibiotics are considered for heavily contaminated wounds, bites, or immunocompromised patients. Tetanus prophylaxis should be updated if indicated. Analgesia is provided, and the wound is evaluated for underlying damage to tendons, nerves, or joints. Referral to surgical or plastic surgical services is common for complex or deep injuries.

Prognosis: Healing varies with depth, location, and promptness of treatment. Mild, clean lacerations often heal with minimal scarring, while deeper injuries carry higher risks of infection, dysfunction, and longer recovery.