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A heating and cooling system, often referred to as an HVAC system in English-speaking countries, is a vital component of modern buildings designed to regulate indoor environmental conditions. Its primary functions are to provide heating during colder periods and cooling during warmer periods, thereby ensuring a comfortable and habitable living or working space. These systems typically involve a network of components that work together to achieve this goal. Key elements often include a heat source, such as a furnace or boiler for heating, and a cooling source, like an air conditioner or heat pump, for cooling. Air is circulated throughout the building via a ductwork system or through other distribution methods. A thermostat serves as the control center, allowing occupants to set and maintain desired temperature levels. The system also manages air quality through filtration and ventilation processes, removing pollutants and supplying fresh air. Properly functioning heating and cooling systems are essential for occupant comfort, health, and energy efficiency. Regular maintenance is crucial for optimal performance, longevity, and to prevent costly breakdowns.