külvivahendid

Külvivahendid, also known as seeders or planters, are agricultural implements used to sow seeds in the soil. Their primary purpose is to ensure uniform seed distribution at a consistent depth, which is crucial for optimal germination and crop establishment. Different types of külvivahendid exist, catering to various agricultural practices and seed types.

The most basic form is the hand-operated seed drill, often used for smaller plots or specialized crops. These typically consist of a hopper to hold seeds and a mechanism to release them at controlled intervals. More advanced machines are tractor-drawn or self-propelled. These larger units can sow seeds across wide swathes, significantly increasing efficiency.

Common types include broadcast seeders, which scatter seeds over a broad area, and row seeders, which plant seeds in precise rows. Row seeders are further categorized into precision planters that place individual seeds at exact spacing, and fluted rollers or cup feeders that meter seeds for drilling. Seed coulters, the part that opens the furrow, vary in design, with disc coulters and hoe coulters being prevalent. Some külvivahendid also incorporate fertilizer applicators, allowing for simultaneous seeding and fertilization. The choice of külvivahend depends on factors such as soil type, seed size and shape, desired planting density, and economic considerations.