külmunemise

Külmunemise, or hypothermia, is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a dangerously low body temperature. This can happen due to prolonged exposure to cold environments, inadequate clothing, or immersion in cold water. Symptoms of hypothermia vary depending on the severity but can include shivering, confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness, and a loss of coordination. In severe cases, individuals may become unconscious and their breathing and pulse may become very weak.

The body's core temperature is crucial for proper organ function. When the core temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius), hypothermia is considered to be present. The body initially attempts to conserve heat by constricting blood vessels in the extremities and increasing metabolic rate to generate more heat, which causes shivering. As hypothermia progresses, these mechanisms become less effective, and the body's functions begin to slow down.

Treatment for hypothermia involves rewarming the individual gradually. This can include moving them to a warmer environment, removing wet clothing, and applying warm blankets or compresses. In severe cases, medical professionals may use intravenous fluids or other advanced rewarming techniques. Prevention is key and involves dressing in layers, staying dry, avoiding prolonged exposure to extreme cold, and being aware of the signs and symptoms of hypothermia in oneself and others.