kõrgusemõõtmine

Kõrgusemõõtmine, also known as altimetry, is the science and technology of measuring altitude or height. This can refer to the height of an object above a reference point, such as sea level or the ground, or the vertical distance between two points. Various methods and instruments are employed for kõrgusemõõtmine, depending on the required accuracy, scale, and context.

In navigation and aviation, barometric altimeters are commonly used. These devices measure atmospheric pressure, which decreases with altitude. By calibrating the altimeter to a known pressure at a specific altitude (like sea level), it can then indicate the current height based on the ambient pressure. Radar altimeters, on the other hand, use radio waves to determine the height above the ground by measuring the time it takes for a signal to travel to the surface and return.

For surveying and mapping, more precise methods are utilized. Trigonometric heighting involves using angles and distances measured with instruments like theodolites or total stations to calculate vertical differences. GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers can also provide altitude information, though their accuracy can be less precise for vertical measurements compared to horizontal positioning. Laser scanning and lidar technology are increasingly employed for detailed topographic mapping and elevation modeling, providing highly accurate height data over large areas. The choice of kõrgusemõõtmine technique is dictated by the specific application, whether it's for aircraft safety, topographic surveying, or geological studies.