kõnelevad

Kõnelevad is a finite verb form in Estonian, specifically the third-person plural present indicative of the verb kõnelema, which means to speak or to converse. In use, nad kõnelevad translates roughly to “they speak” or “they are speaking.” The form illustrates standard Estonian agreement between subject and verb in number.

Etymology and grammar notes: The base verb is kõnelema. The stem kõnele- combines with typical present-tense endings, with -vad indicating third-person plural. This form is part of everyday language and appears in both spoken and written Estonian. It is distinct from other related verbs such as rääkima (to tell or say) and rääkimine (the act of speaking), though all relate to speech acts. The present tense forms must agree with the subject in number and person, so kõnelevad accompanies plural subjects, while singular forms are kõneleb (he/she speaks) or kõnelen (I speak), etc.

Usage and nuance: Kõnelema emphasizes the act of speaking and conversational exchange, often in neutral or formal contexts. It is commonly used to describe language ability, ongoing dialogue, or a group engaged in speaking. For contrast, rääkima is more general for telling or talking, and could be used in broader contexts. In formal writing, kõnelema and its forms provide a precise way to refer to speaking as a distinct communicative act.

Examples:

- Nad kõnelevad eesti keelt sujuvalt. (They speak Estonian fluently.)

- Mida nad kõnelevad? (What are they speaking about?)

See also: Estonian verb conjugation; Estonian grammar; forms of kõnelema.