kõhrekoed

Kõhrekoed, known scientifically as cartilage tissue, are a type of connective tissue found throughout the bodies of vertebrates. They are characterized by their firm, flexible, and smooth structure, which allows them to absorb shock and facilitate movement in joints. Unlike bone, cartilage is avascular, meaning it does not have its own blood supply. This lack of direct blood vessels contributes to its slow healing capabilities.

The primary cells within cartilage are called chondrocytes, which are embedded within a rich extracellular matrix. This matrix is composed of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and a gel-like ground substance rich in proteoglycans. The specific composition of the matrix determines the type and properties of the cartilage. There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage, each adapted for different functions and locations within the body.

Hyaline cartilage is the most common type and forms the articular surfaces of bones in joints, the rib cage, and the respiratory passages. Elastic cartilage, found in the ear and epiglottis, contains a high proportion of elastic fibers, providing flexibility and resilience. Fibrocartilage, present in intervertebral discs and menisci, is the strongest and most rigid type, offering excellent shock absorption and tensile strength.

Cartilage plays a crucial role in skeletal development, growth, and joint function. Its ability to withstand compressive forces and reduce friction is vital for the smooth operation of the skeletal system. Degeneration or damage to cartilage can lead to conditions like osteoarthritis.