käändeõigus

Kääneõigus refers to the legal right to change one's surname in Estonia. This right is regulated by the Estonian Personal Name Act. Generally, individuals can change their surname if it is not in use, is offensive, or if there are other significant reasons. A person can choose a new surname from the existing surnames in Estonia, or they can choose a surname that has been used by their ascendants, provided it is not prohibited. There are also restrictions, such as not being able to choose a surname that is already in common use by a significant number of people, or one that is contrary to public order or morals.

The process for changing a surname involves submitting an application to the local government or relevant authority. This application typically requires supporting documents and may involve a waiting period for approval. Marriage and divorce are common situations where individuals exercise their right to change their surname, often reverting to a maiden name or taking their spouse's name. In addition to personal preference, specific circumstances like family reunification or overcoming past negative associations with a surname can also be grounds for a name change. The law aims to balance the individual's right to a name with the need for order and clarity in official records.