käsitlenud

Käsitlenud is a form sometimes encountered in Estonian texts, but it is not recognized as a standard or widely used form in contemporary grammar. It is generally considered a nonstandard variant of the past participle of the verb käsitlema, which means “to handle” or “to treat.” The canonical, widely accepted form in standard Estonian is käsitletud, meaning “having been handled” or “having been treated.”

Usage and status

In standard Estonian, phrases indicating that something has already been processed or dealt with typically use käsitletud. Käsitlenud is not listed in major dictionaries and is seldom described as a normative form; when it appears, it is usually attributed to colloquial speech, dialectal variation, or a possible spelling error or typographical mistake. For formal writing, it is advisable to use käsitletud to avoid nonstandard styling.

Formation and comparison

- Standard: käsitletud (past passive participle of käsitlema)

- Nonstandard/dialectal or erroneous: käsitlenud (not generally accepted as standard)

Example (standard): andmed olid käsitletud. — The data had been processed.

Example (nonstandard, generally discouraged in formal writing): andmed olid käsitlenud. — This phrasing is potential nonstandard usage and may be considered incorrect in many contexts.

See also

Käsitlema, käsitletud, Estonian grammar notes on participles.