kvantumbiztonságot

Kvantumbiztonság, or quantum security, refers to the field of cryptography that deals with the security implications of quantum computing. Quantum computers, if built at scale, have the potential to break many of the public-key cryptographic algorithms currently in use, such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). These algorithms are foundational to secure online communication, digital signatures, and many other security protocols.

The threat posed by quantum computers is known as the "quantum threat." Researchers are actively developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, also known as post-quantum cryptography (PQC) or quantum-safe cryptography. These algorithms are designed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. The development and standardization of PQC are ongoing processes, with various mathematical approaches being explored, including lattice-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, hash-based cryptography, and multivariate polynomial cryptography.

In parallel with the development of PQC, there is also research into quantum cryptography itself, which uses principles of quantum mechanics to achieve security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a prime example. QKD allows two parties to generate and share a secret cryptographic key with a provable level of security, based on the laws of physics. Any attempt to eavesdrop on the key distribution process will inevitably disturb the quantum states, alerting the legitimate users to the presence of an intruder. While QKD offers a different approach to security, its implementation and widespread adoption face practical challenges. The broader field of kvantumbiztonságot encompasses both the defense against quantum computing's breaking power and the utilization of quantum phenomena for enhanced security.