kuulmisega

Kuulmisega is an Estonian instrumental form derived from the noun kuulmine, which means listening or hearing. The form expresses means, manner, or accompaniment connected with listening activities and is formed by taking the genitive singular kuulmise and adding the instrumental suffix ga, yielding kuulmisega. It is primarily used in written and formal language, especially in linguistic, educational, or descriptive contexts.

Morphology and formation: kuulmine forms the base noun for the concept of listening. Its genitive singular is kuulmise, and when combined with the instrumental suffix -ga, the word becomes kuulmisega. This construction follows the general Estonian rule that instrumental phrases indicate means or accompaniment, similar to other nouns in the -mine group when used with -ga.

Usage and examples: kuulmisega can appear in phrases describing methods, means, or circumstances involving listening. Examples include: kuulmisega seotud meetodid (methods related to listening), õpe kuulmisega seotud praktikatega (education with listening-related practices), and kõnetöötluses kasutatakse kuulmisega seotud näiteid (in speech processing, examples related to listening are used). In many cases, kuulmisega functions as part of a larger noun phrase to specify the instrument or accompanying aspect of an action.

Context and frequency: The form is most common in academic, linguistic, or formal explanatory writing. In everyday Estonian, speakers tend to use more general expressions or other constructions to convey the idea of “by listening” or “in the context of listening,” though kuulmisega remains idiomatic and clear in contexts discussing listening as a process or skill.

See also: kuulmine, kuulma, Estonian grammar, instrumental constructions in Estonian.