kuulajaga

Kuulajaga is an Estonian grammatical form derived from the noun kuulaja (listener) when combined with the comitative suffix -ga. The resulting form functions as a prepositional complement meaning "with a listener" and expresses accompaniment or association rather than instrumentality. It is not a separate lexeme but a derivational form that can appear with concrete nouns, pronouns, or proper nouns to indicate that another person accompanies or participates with the referenced listener.

In usage, kuulajaga denotes that an event, action, or interaction includes a listener or audience member as a participant or companion. It is commonly found in narrative or descriptive contexts involving speakers, performers, interviews, or conversations where the listener's presence is relevant to the situation. The form aligns with the broader Estonian comitative system, which uses -ga attached to the noun to signal "together with" or "in the company of."

Grammatically, kuulajaga agrees in number with the noun it attaches to and does not require any separate word to indicate case; it simply bears the comitative suffix. Its applicability is limited to contexts where a listener is explicitly involved; for instrument or means, other constructions are used.

Etymology: kuulajaga combines kuulaja ("listener") with the comitative suffix -ga, a productive inflection in Estonian. See also Estonian grammar: comitative case; related formations include sõbraga (with a friend), publikuga (with the audience).