kurutulmaldr

Kurutulmaldr, also known as *dry cleaning* in English, is a method of cleaning fabrics using chemical solvents rather than water. The process is designed to preserve delicate materials that may be damaged by traditional washing. The term originates from Icelandic, where *kurta* means "dry" and *ulmaldr* means "cleaning."

The technique was developed in the early 19th century, with the first patent for a dry-cleaning machine granted in 1855 by Jean-Baptiste Jolly in France. Modern dry cleaning primarily uses perchloroethylene (perc), though newer methods employ less harmful solvents like hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide. The process involves soaking garments in a solvent, which dissolves dirt and stains, followed by agitation, filtration, and drying.

Dry cleaning is particularly useful for fabrics that shrink, bleed, or lose color when exposed to water, such as wool, silk, and certain blends. However, it is not suitable for all materials, as some synthetics or heavily soiled items may require alternative treatments. Environmental concerns have led to increased regulation of solvent use, with many facilities adopting eco-friendly alternatives to reduce pollution.

While effective for delicate items, dry cleaning has faced criticism for its potential health risks, including exposure to toxic solvents. Proper ventilation and safety measures are essential in commercial and home-based dry-cleaning operations. As sustainability becomes a priority, advancements in water-based and solvent-free cleaning technologies continue to emerge as viable alternatives.