kummutaatiokommutator

Kummutaatiokommutator, often shortened to just "kommutator" in Finnish, refers to a component in electrical circuits that plays a crucial role in direct current (DC) motors. Its primary function is to reverse the direction of the current flowing through the motor's armature windings. This reversal of current direction is essential for maintaining continuous rotation of the motor.

The kommutator typically consists of a cylindrical drum made of conductive material, divided into segments. These segments are insulated from each other. Stationary carbon brushes are pressed against the rotating kommutator segments. As the motor shaft rotates, the kommutator segments move, making and breaking contact with the brushes. This mechanical switching action ensures that the current is directed to the correct coils in the armature at the right time, creating the necessary electromagnetic forces for continuous torque and rotation.

Without a functioning kommutator, a DC motor would only be able to rotate a small portion of a turn before stopping, as the magnetic forces would oppose further movement. The design and maintenance of the kommutator are therefore critical for the reliable operation of DC motors. Wear on the brushes and kommutator segments can lead to reduced efficiency, increased sparking, and eventual motor failure if not addressed.