krytosemenné

Krytosemenné, also known as angiosperms, represent the largest and most diverse group of plants within the plant kingdom. Their defining characteristic is the presence of flowers and fruits, which serve crucial roles in their reproduction. Flowers are typically ornate structures containing reproductive organs, and after fertilization, they develop into fruits that enclose and protect the seeds. This evolutionary innovation has contributed significantly to their widespread success and dominance in many terrestrial ecosystems.

The life cycle of a krytosemenné plant involves alternation of generations, with a dominant diploid sporophyte stage. Pollination, the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, is a key step, often facilitated by wind, water, or animals like insects and birds. Following pollination, fertilization occurs, leading to the development of an embryo within a seed. This seed is then dispersed, often by animals consuming the fruit, allowing the plant to colonize new areas.

Krytosemenné are classified into two main groups: monocotyledons (monocots) and dicotyledons (dicots), based on the number of cotyledons (seed leaves) present in the embryo. Monocots, such as grasses, lilies, and orchids, typically have a single cotyledon, parallel leaf venation, and flower parts in multiples of three. Dicots, a more diverse group including roses, oaks, and sunflowers, usually have two cotyledons, net-like leaf venation, and flower parts in multiples of four or five. This vast group includes many plants vital to human life, providing food, medicine, and materials.