kryptokokkenantigenNachweise

Kryptokokkenan, more commonly known as cryptococcosis, is a fungal infection caused by yeasts belonging to the genus *Cryptococcus*. The most frequent culprits are *Cryptococcus neoformans* and *Cryptococcus gattii*. These fungi are found worldwide, often in soil, decaying wood, and bird droppings, particularly pigeon droppings.

The infection typically occurs through inhalation of fungal spores. While most healthy individuals exposed to *Cryptococcus* do not develop illness, immunocompromised individuals are at significantly higher risk. This includes people with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplantation, or those taking immunosuppressive medications.

Cryptococcosis can manifest in various ways, with the most common being pulmonary cryptococcosis (affecting the lungs) and cryptococcal meningitis (affecting the brain and its surrounding membranes). Symptoms of pulmonary infection can include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Cryptococcal meningitis, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, can present with headache, fever, stiff neck, and changes in mental status. Cutaneous cryptococcosis (affecting the skin) and disseminated cryptococcosis (spreading to other organs) are also possible.

Diagnosis is usually made through laboratory tests, including microscopic examination of samples, fungal cultures, and antigen detection tests. Treatment involves antifungal medications, with the choice and duration depending on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's immune status. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.