kosztowna

Kosztowna is the feminine singular form of the Polish adjective kosztowny, meaning expensive or costly. It is used to describe nouns in the feminine gender, for example, kosztowna biżuteria (expensive jewelry) or kosztowna podróż (costly journey).

Etymology and sense: It derives from koszt ("cost") with the adjectival suffix -owny and is common in formal and literary Polish. The meaning can be financial, but it can also convey that something is morally, emotionally, or practically costly, not just that the price is high, e.g., kosztowny błąd (a costly mistake), kosztowna decyzja (a costly decision).

Usage and nuance: In contrast to drogi, which primarily denotes price, kosztowny emphasizes the overall cost or consequence. It may carry a slightly more formal or emphatic tone.

Grammar: The adjective inflects to kosztowny (masc.), kosztowna (fem.), kosztowne (neut.) in singular; plural forms include kosztowni (masc. personal) and kosztowne (feminine and neuter plural).

Toponyms: There is no widely known geographic location bears the name Kosztowna; any such toponym would be rare and local.