kortslutningsförlopp

Kortslutningsförlopp refers to the sequence of events that occur during an electrical short circuit. A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two points in an electric circuit that are intended to be at different electrical potentials, such as between a live wire and a neutral wire, or between a live wire and ground. This unintended connection creates a path of very low resistance, allowing a large surge of electrical current to flow.

The initial event is the formation of the fault. This can be caused by various factors, including insulation failure, damaged wiring, equipment malfunction, or external influences like moisture or physical impact. Once the low-resistance path is established, the current begins to rise rapidly. The speed and magnitude of this current increase depend on the impedance of the circuit and the characteristics of the power source.

As the current surges, it generates significant heat due to resistive losses (Joule heating). This heat can cause further damage to the insulation, conductors, and surrounding materials, potentially leading to arcing and fire. Protective devices such as fuses and circuit breakers are designed to detect this excessive current and interrupt the flow before catastrophic damage occurs. The time it takes for these devices to operate is a critical part of the kortslutningsförlopp, as a faster interruption minimizes the destructive effects of the short circuit. The resulting electrical disturbance can also affect other connected equipment and the stability of the power grid.