konstanta

Konstanta is a term used in several languages to denote a value that does not change within a given context. In mathematics, a constant is a fixed number that appears in an expression or equation; unlike a variable, which can take on different values, a constant remains the same under the specified conditions. Constants can be integers, fractions, irrational numbers, or fixed coefficients. For example, in the linear expression 2x + 3, the number 3 is a constant term because it does not depend on x.

In programming, a konstanta refers to a value defined once and not allowed to change after initialization. Using constants can improve readability and prevent accidental modification of important values. Most languages provide a mechanism to declare constants, with keywords such as const, final, or readonly. Examples include a constant named MAX_USERS equal to 1000.

Physical constants are universal quantities that define the laws of nature. Examples include the speed of light in vacuum, c; the gravitational constant, G; and Planck's constant, h. These values are determined experimentally and are used across theories and computations. Some constants are defined by convention, such as the exact values used for units in the International System of Units (SI).

Distinctions also exist between constants and parameters. A parameter is a quantity specifying a model or family of equations and may be varied to study behavior, whereas a konstanta is fixed within the given context. Constants also appear in mathematics as constant functions or constants of proportionality, linking different quantities with a fixed ratio.