kogunud

Kogunud is a form of the Estonian verb koguma, which means to collect or to gather. It is the past active participle of koguma and is used to indicate that the subject has performed the act of gathering in the past. In standard usage, kogunud appears most often in finite clauses with auxiliary verbs to express perfect aspect, for example, ta on andmeid kogunud, meaning “he has gathered data.”

Kogunud has limited use as a modifier before nouns. In everyday and formal Estonian, the attribute that indicates something has been gathered is more commonly expressed with the past passive participle form kogutud, as in kogutud andmed (collected data) or kogutud materjal (collected material). While kogunud can occur in non-finite constructions referring to a subject that has performed gathering, its attributive use before a noun is rare and can sound archaic or literary in some contexts.

Etymologically, kogunud derives from the verb koguma with typical Estonian participial suffixation. It shares its root with related forms such as koguda (to collect), kogujad (collectors), and kogumine (collection), which appear across various grammatical constructions and lexemes in Estonian.

In summary, kogunud is the past active participle of koguma, chiefly used in perfect- aspect constructions (with olema) to express a completed act by the subject. For attributive, more common forms are kogutud when describing objects that have been gathered.