klozapine

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, particularly in individuals who have not responded to other treatments. It is also used to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Clozapine belongs to a class of drugs called dibenzodiazepines. Its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood but is believed to involve blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain.

Administered orally, clozapine is typically taken once or twice a day. Due to its potential side effects, it requires careful monitoring. Regular blood tests are essential to check for agranulocytosis, a serious condition where the white blood cell count drops dangerously low, increasing the risk of infection. Other potential side effects can include weight gain, sedation, dizziness, constipation, and increased salivation. Less commonly, it can cause seizures, myocarditis, or cardiomyopathy.

Due to the risks, clozapine is usually prescribed only after other antipsychotic medications have been tried without success. Its use is managed through a restricted distribution program to ensure patient safety and adherence to monitoring requirements. While effective for many treatment-resistant patients, the rigorous monitoring protocols are a significant consideration for its use.