kivennäistekijät

Kivennäistekijät, often translated as trace elements or mineral micronutrients, are essential inorganic nutrients required by living organisms in very small amounts. Despite their low requirement, they play critical roles in a wide array of physiological processes, acting as cofactors for enzymes, components of hormones, and participants in cellular signaling.

The specific trace elements considered essential vary slightly depending on the organism, but commonly include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, iodine, molybdenum, and cobalt. For example, iron is crucial for oxygen transport in red blood cells and for many enzymatic functions. Zinc is involved in immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. Copper is important for energy production and connective tissue formation. Selenium is a component of antioxidant enzymes and plays a role in thyroid hormone metabolism. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.

Deficiencies in trace elements can lead to a variety of health problems. Anemia is a common consequence of iron deficiency. Impaired immune function can result from zinc deficiency. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and developmental issues. Conversely, excessive intake of certain trace elements can also be toxic. Therefore, maintaining a balanced intake through diet is crucial for health. Food sources are the primary way humans and animals obtain these elements.